Mistaking the person or group for the argument

Mistaking the person or group for the argument is a common occurrence in everyone’s life. The short definition of doing this would be to refute the argument just because of the person that is stating the argument. An example given in the book is an English teacher who does not speak English clearly. He discusses how to start writing a proper essay by brainstorming and making an outline. This technique is effective, but the person argues against the claim only because he/she disagrees with the actual person and not the argument itself. We have a negative perception of the person who is stating the claim so when we are hearing that person making a claim we automatically refute it. This concept is how stereotypes begin. This concept can also be expanded to a group of people rather than just one person. We think that group A is wrong, because they were the ones that did something horrible two years ago. When refuting an argument we should not only just judge and examine the person who is making the claim but also the claim itself.